Infrastructure of Computer for class Tenth and +2 level .

What is Computer?

ANS: A programmable electronic device designed to accept data, perform prescribed mathematical and logical operations at high speed, and display the results of these operations, is called Computer.

Who is father of Computer?

ANS: Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer, considered the father of the computer.

 STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER

Computer has main four parts

       1.  Input devices

2. Output devices

3. CPU

4. Memory

1. Input devices

When unprocessed data is sent to the computer with the help of input devices, the data is processed and sent to output devices. The input devices may be hand-operated or automated. The act of processing is mainly regulated by the CPU. Some examples of input devices are:

Example:

Computer keyboard

Digital camera

Digital video

Graphics tablet

Image scanner

Joystick

Microphone

Mouse

Overlay keyboard

Real-time clock

Trackball

Touchscreen

Light pen

2. Output devices

Output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment which converts information into human readable form. 

 Printer

 Computer monitor

 PC speaker

 Projector

 Sound card

 Video card

3. CPU:

The control unit, ALU, and registers are collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU).

ALU

The ALU is capable of performing two classes of operations: arithmetic and logic. The set of arithmetic operations that a particular ALU supports may be limited to addition and subtraction, or might include multiplication, division

CU:

The control unit (often called a control system or central controller) manages the computer's various components; it reads and interprets  the program instructions, transforming them into control signals that activate other parts of the computeR.

REGISTER:

A processor register is a quickly accessible location available to a computer's processor. Registers usually consist of a small amount of fast storage

4. MEMORY:

In computing, memory is a device or system that is used to store information for immediate use in a computer or related computer hardware and digital electronic devices. The term memory is often synonymous with the term primary storage or main memory. An archaic synonym for memory is store.

IT is two types

PRIMARY MEMORY

It is again divided in two categories

RAM AND ROM

RAM IS Volatile memory is computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information.

The two main types of volatile random-access memory (RAM) are static random-access memory (SRAM) and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM).

ROM: Read only Memory

SECONDERY MEMORY

You know that processor memory, also known as primary memory, is expensive as well as limited. The faster primary memory are also volatile. If we need to store large amount of data or programs permanently, we need a cheaper and permanent memory. Such memory is called secondary memory. Here we will discuss secondary memory devices that can be used to store large amount of data, audio, video and multimedia files.

 

Characteristics of Secondary Memory

These are some characteristics of secondary memory, which distinguish it from primary memory −

 It is non-volatile, i.e. it retains data when power is switched off

It is large capacities to the tune of terabytes

It is cheaper as compared to primary memory

Depending on whether secondary memory device is part of CPU or not, there are two types of secondary memory – fixed and removable.

Hard Disk Drive

Hard disk drive is made up of a series of circular disks called platters arranged one over the other almost ½ inches apart around a spindle. Disks are made of non-magnetic material like aluminum alloy and coated with 10-20 nm of magnetic material.

CD Drive

CD stands for Compact Disk. CDs are circular disks that use optical rays, usually lasers, to read and write data. They are very cheap as you can get 700 MB of storage space for less than a dollar. CDs are inserted in CD drives built into CPU cabinet. They are portable as you can eject the drive, remove the CD and carry it with you. There are three types of CDs

CD-ROM (Compact Disk – Read Only Memory) − The data on these CDs are recorded by the manufacturer. Proprietary Software, audio or video are released on CD-ROMs.

CD-R (Compact Disk – Recordable) − Data can be written by the user once on the CD-R. It cannot be deleted or modified later.

CD-RW (Compact Disk – Rewritable) − Data can be written and deleted on these optical disks again and again.

DVD Drive

DVD stands for Digital Video Display. DVD are optical devices that can store 15 times the data held by CDs. They are usually used to store rich multimedia files that need high storage capacity. DVDs also come in three varieties – read only, recordable and rewritable.

 Pen Drive

Pen drive is a portable memory device that uses solid state memory rather than magnetic fields or lasers to record data. It uses a technology similar to RAM, except that it is nonvolatile. It is also called USB drive, key drive or flash memory.

 source: https://en.wikipedia.org/